A geoitinerary through volcanic landforms in the restless coastal area of Campi Flegrei (southern Italy)

This study explores the development of a geoitinerary in the western sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera, a geologically dynamic area in southern Italy recognized for its active volcanic history and rich geoheritage. The Campi Flegrei, designated as one of the first 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites, exemplifies the potential of volcanic landscapes to serve as both educational platforms and tourism attractions. The proposed geoitinerary highlights seven geosites selected for their high educational and touristic value. These include prominent volcanic, archaeological, and geomorphological features such as the Cuma lava dome, La Starza marine terrace, Serapeo, Monte Nuovo, Averno Lake, Baia sommersa, and Capo Miseno. The initiative aims to promote geoeducation and sustainable tourism, emphasizing the relationship between geological processes, landscape evolution, and human settlement. The study underlines the region’s long-standing appeal due to its fertile volcanic soils, strategic coastal positioning, cultural significance, and geothermal resources, despite ongoing risks related to bradyseism and seismic activity. A SWOT analysis is employed to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the proposed geotourism initiative. Ultimately, the study advocates for geotourism as a tool for enhancing public awareness of volcanic hazards, supporting local economies, and preserving geological and cultural heritage. It calls for integrated management strategies that involve scientific, local, and policy stakeholders to address challenges like risk communication, environmental protection, and community participation. By doing so, the Campi Flegrei can serve as a model for balancing development and conservation in other volcanically active regions.