Actors, Business Models, and Key Issues for the Implementation of Integrated Local Energy Communities

The establishment and success of an integrated local energy community (ILEC) can be affected, on the one hand, by the characteristics of the actors involved and their cooperation, and, on the other hand, by technological, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects, energy policy and regulation framework, which are constantly evolving, being influenced by institutional changes, energy prices, and the energy development of the local territories. In view of that, this chapter provides a comprehensive view of the main actors, business models, and key issues that would enable the establishment of an ILEC in Europe. The analysis of the main actors as playing a key role within ILECs is covered, with the aim to identify their main roles and interactions within the ILECs. Focusing on integrated energy systems, this chapter presents innovative business models for the ILEC concept, also exploring the key issues for the implementation and adaptation of ILECs, by covering technological, socioeconomic, environmental, and regulatory aspects.