The routes of child labour: juvenile emigration and police regulations between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in L. Nuzzo, M. Pifferi, G. Speciale, C. Vano (a cura di), "Legal Responses to Mass Migration: From the Nineteenth Century to World War II", Routledge Giappichelli, Torino 2024.

The essay investigates the Italian juvenile emigration regulation between the country Unity and the enactment of the emigration law of 1901. Following to the first reports about the “children trade” in the 1860s, a law facing the problem of juvenile emigration and children exploitation abroad was promulgated in 1873, but it proved to be ineffective. Only the “social law” on emigration of 1901, directed to protect emigration, would represent a turning point in the regulation of children expatriations.