ETHICS (Pre-clinical Experimental and THeoretical studies to Improve treatment and protection by Charged particleS),

Medical applications of charged particles, such as hadrotherapy and radionuclide therapy, involve the exposure of normal cells composing the tissues and organs proximal to the tumour from either external or internal sources. Clinical implementation of biologically-optimised treatment plans and a safer use of cancer cell-targeting radionuclides are hampered by the uncertainties inherent to the radiobiology of healthy tissue response to densely ionising radiations, which may lead to increased risks of secondary cancers, hence needing to be urgently addressed. A better understanding of the effects on normal cells following the exposure to charged particles, on the other hand, may also benefit the general public because of the contribution to the collective dose from natural sources, such as indoor radon. The main objective of this research project is, therefore, to study the basic mechanisms underlying the biological effects brought about by charged particles that are of relevance for the integrity and normal functions of healthy tissues/organs. To achieve such a goal, both in vitro and in vivo experiments are planned at INFN as well as external facilities, involving a vast network of national and international collaborations and in conjunction with theoretical studies and medical physics-based approaches. The action of a number of ions will be investigated employing a wide array of assays and state-of-the art techniques. The ultimate aim is to help develop strategies that may limit high-LET radiation detrimental consequences for human health while improving their therapeutic benefits.