Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Italian children living in different regions: analysis of the difference and the role of diet

Background: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) are common in pediatric age. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of FGIDs in Italian children and evaluate the impact of diet. Methods: Healthy children aged 4-18 years were recruited in a multicenter cross-sectional study. We evaluated their eating habits and the presence of FGIDs, using Rome IV criteria, 3-day food diaries and Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaires. Results: Seven hundred forty subjects were enrolled:369 children aged 4-9 years (Group A), and 371 adolescents 10-18 years old (Group B). The overall prevalence of FGIDs was 26.4% in Group A and 26.2% in Group B, with a significant higher prevalence in females in both groups. The most frequent disorders were functional constipation, functional dyspepsia, and abdominal migraine. No significant difference in FGIDs prevalence was found between Northern and Southern Italy, despite significant variation in diet. In Group A there was a significant difference in KIDMED between North and South (5.3 ± 1 vs 6 ± 1.2, respectively; p = 0.001). A significant association between FGIDs and KIDMED was found in Group A (OR=0.83, p = 0.034), but not in Group B (OR=0.89, p = 0.166). Conclusions: FGIDs are common in Italian children, with a higher prevalence in females. Despite significant differences in dietary habits between North and South, FGIDs prevalence does not vary significantly.