Conclusions and Implications for the Italian Public Sector

This chapter summarizes the contents of the preceding chapters and provides a complete overview of the new training strategies implemented by national schools of Public Administrations. The role of public managers has changed considerably over the years—from a bureaucratic model to New Public Management (NPM) and beyond—and within this framework the competencies and managerial skills required for working in the Public Sector have also changed. In Italy, more than in other countries, the reform of Public Administration has been a distinctive and constant feature of every government since the country was first unified in 1861. Personnel management, evaluation, and HR development systems need to be redesigned in light of the characteristics of the Italian Public Sector and the constant changes which condition and affect it.