Combining Multiple Loads in a Topology Optimization Framework for Digitally Fabricated Concrete Structures

In recent literature, topology optimization gathered growing interests given its interplays with digital fabrication and additive manufacturing technologies. Notably, the topological optimization of concrete-like elements requires the study of stress-constrained optimization problems due to strength anisotropy, whose solution presents more challenges with respect to classical stiffness-to-weight maximization. For the purpose of fostering the use of topology optimization techniques in real-application scenarios, in this work we present an iterative algorithm to design lightweight structural concrete elements in presence of multiple load actions, and under the restriction of anisotropic stress-constraints. More specifically, our framework is based on the combined use of a proportional material distribution scheme and a Risk-Factor paradigm, to design performative solutions while limiting the failure probability of the structural element. To validate our approach, we define a parametric set of actions which combine bending and axial load, as commonly utilized in a structural engineering framework. In our computational experiments, we assess the robustness of our method and study the relationships connecting load parameters with the resulting solution properties.