PLS-PM model for categorizing European welfare systems

In this chapter, a re-arrangement of the differences within the various European welfare regimes could be hypnotized starting from the social implications and the effects that European Integration and Europeanization processes have on these regimes. In other words, this means highlighting the dual thrust between Europeanization and decentralization of social policy, in order to understand at what level of governance – local, national or supranational – could be attributed the decisions that shape this area field by collecting and analyzing a set of indicators on the two specifics dimensions: social inclusion and territorial cohesion. With this aim, the indicators’ analysis here presented involve five the 27 European Nations at NUT0 and NUT2 level which in 2014 constituted the member states of the union (Italy, Germany, France, Spain, and United Kingdom) and ten local contexts, two for each Nation (Milan and Naples, Berlin and Munich, Paris and Rouen, Barcelona and Vigo, London and Liverpool). What result is a comparative geographic and policy analysis based on a multidimensional and multilevel analysis of indicators from Eurostat and OECD databases that start from with the application of a Pls-Pm Model. This model could contemplate jointly the study of supranational, national, and subnational directions allowing us to detect who in addressing social policies and welfare regimes in Europe. The main result consists of the realization of a general model of interpretation of the changes that occurred in the classification of the different European welfare regimes.