LE ZONE ECONOMICHE SPECIALI. DEFINIZIONI,EVOLUZIONE E DIMENSIONE DEL FENOMENO

The term economic zones includes a wide range of related types, including free trade zones, free ports, ex port processing zones, special economic zones (ZES), areas of economic and trade cooperation, processing zones economic and free zones. Despite the numerous variations of name and form, all these typologies recall the idea of demarcated geographical areas, placed within the national borders of a country in which the rules of the economic and business environment are different from those prevailing in the national territory. This set of differential rules generally concerns, as a matter of priority, the investment conditions, customs, taxation and the regulatory context. In the area, in essence, an environment is granted for the economic activities that choose it as a localization that appears to be more liberal and generally, more generally, more efficient from an administrative point of view than that found in the rest of the national territory. In light of this, the paper intends to analyze the size of the SEZ phenomenon, its diffusion and the different choices of governance, as well as any barriers to development and the ability to become attractors of foreign direct investment.