The wild side of potato: insights into the genome sequence of the stress-tolerant S. commersonii Dun

Solanum commersonii is a potato species native to Central and South America. Despite being genetically isolated from cultivated potato, in the past few years it has garnered significant research interest because it exhibits high tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the abiotic stresses, particularly interesting are its freezing tolerance and capacity to cold acclimatize. Little is understood of the genetic determi- nants and mechanisms beyond its resistance traits. This is partially due to the lack of genomic resources for potato germplasm. The group at the University of Naples has recently decoded, for the first time, the genome of S. commersonii, ushering in a new era of whole-genome sequencing of wild potato relatives. After illustrating the genome structure and organization of this species and its intrigffuing evolutionary roots, this chapter describes findings relative to the identification of the candidate genes for cold stress tolerance. The genome sequence of S. commersonii will pave the way to an understanding of the molecular dynamics that have given this species so many adaptive characteristics.