On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of $\sim 1.7\,{\rm{s}}$ with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of ${40}_{-8}^{+8}$ Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 $\,{M}_{\odot }$. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at $\sim 40\,{\rm{Mpc}}$) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient's position $\sim 9$ and $\sim 16$ days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger / Calloni, E.; DE ROSA, Rosario; Garufi, F.; De Laurentis, M.; Di Girolamo, T.; Milano, L.; Barbato, F.; Colalillo, R.; Guarino, Fausto; Valore, L.; Allocca, Annalisa; Fermi, Gbm; Integral, ; Icecube, Collaboration; AstroSat Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager Team, ; Ipn, Collaboration; The Insight-Hxmt Collaboration, ; Antares, Collaboration; The Swift Collaboration, ; Agile, Team; The 1M2H Team, ; The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration and the DES Collaboration, ; The DLT40 Collaboration, ; GRAWITA: GRAvitational Wave Inaf TeAm, ; The Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration, ; ATCA: Australia Telescope Compact Array, ; ASKAP: Australian SKA Pathfinder, ; Las Cumbres Observatory Group, ; Ozgrav, ; Dwf, (Deeper; Wider, ; Faster, Program); Ast3, ; and CAASTRO Collaborations, ; The VINROUGE Collaboration, ; Master, Collaboration; J-GEM, Growth; Jagwar, ; Caltech-, Nrao; TTU-NRAO, ; and NuSTAR Collaborations, ; Pan-STARRS, ; The MAXI Team, ; Tzac, Consortium; Collaboration, Ku; Nordic Optical Telescope, ; Epessto, Grond; Texas Tech University, ; Salt, Group; TOROS: Transient Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration, ; The BOOTES Collaboration, ; MWA: Murchison Widefield Array, ; The CALET Collaboration, ; IKI-GW Follow-up Collaboration, ; Collaboration, H. E. S. S.; Lofar, Collaboration; LWA: Long Wavelength Array, ; Hawc, Collaboration; The Pierre Auger Collaboration, ; Alma, Collaboration; Euro VLBI Team, ; Pi of the Sky Collaboration, ; The Chandra Team at McGill University, ; DFN: Desert Fireball Network, ; Atlas, ; High Time Resolution Universe Survey, ; RIMAS and RATIR, ; and SKA South Africa/MeerKAT, ; Pinto, Innocenzo. - In: THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS. - ISSN 2041-8205. - 848:2(2017), p. L12. [10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9]

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

E. , Calloni;Rosario. , De Rosa;F. , Garufi;M. , De Laurentis;T. Di Girolamo;Milano, L.;F. , Barbato;R. , Colalillo;Fausto. , Guarino;L. , Valore;LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration;PINTO, INNOCENZO
2017

Abstract

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of $\sim 1.7\,{\rm{s}}$ with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of ${40}_{-8}^{+8}$ Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 $\,{M}_{\odot }$. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at $\sim 40\,{\rm{Mpc}}$) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient's position $\sim 9$ and $\sim 16$ days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.
2017
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger / Calloni, E.; DE ROSA, Rosario; Garufi, F.; De Laurentis, M.; Di Girolamo, T.; Milano, L.; Barbato, F.; Colalillo, R.; Guarino, Fausto; Valore, L.; Allocca, Annalisa; Fermi, Gbm; Integral, ; Icecube, Collaboration; AstroSat Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager Team, ; Ipn, Collaboration; The Insight-Hxmt Collaboration, ; Antares, Collaboration; The Swift Collaboration, ; Agile, Team; The 1M2H Team, ; The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration and the DES Collaboration, ; The DLT40 Collaboration, ; GRAWITA: GRAvitational Wave Inaf TeAm, ; The Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration, ; ATCA: Australia Telescope Compact Array, ; ASKAP: Australian SKA Pathfinder, ; Las Cumbres Observatory Group, ; Ozgrav, ; Dwf, (Deeper; Wider, ; Faster, Program); Ast3, ; and CAASTRO Collaborations, ; The VINROUGE Collaboration, ; Master, Collaboration; J-GEM, Growth; Jagwar, ; Caltech-, Nrao; TTU-NRAO, ; and NuSTAR Collaborations, ; Pan-STARRS, ; The MAXI Team, ; Tzac, Consortium; Collaboration, Ku; Nordic Optical Telescope, ; Epessto, Grond; Texas Tech University, ; Salt, Group; TOROS: Transient Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration, ; The BOOTES Collaboration, ; MWA: Murchison Widefield Array, ; The CALET Collaboration, ; IKI-GW Follow-up Collaboration, ; Collaboration, H. E. S. S.; Lofar, Collaboration; LWA: Long Wavelength Array, ; Hawc, Collaboration; The Pierre Auger Collaboration, ; Alma, Collaboration; Euro VLBI Team, ; Pi of the Sky Collaboration, ; The Chandra Team at McGill University, ; DFN: Desert Fireball Network, ; Atlas, ; High Time Resolution Universe Survey, ; RIMAS and RATIR, ; and SKA South Africa/MeerKAT, ; Pinto, Innocenzo. - In: THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS. - ISSN 2041-8205. - 848:2(2017), p. L12. [10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11588/690314
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