Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run

Abbott, B. P; Abbott, R; Abbott, T. D; Abernathy, M. R; Acernese, F; Ackley, K; Adams, C; Adams, T; Addesso, P; Adhikari, R. X; Adya, V. B; Affeldt, C; Agathos, M; Agatsuma, K; Aggarwal, N; Aguiar, O. D; Aiello, L; Ain, A; Ajith, P; Allen, B; Allocca, A; Altin, P. A; Ananyeva, A; Anderson, S. B; Anderson, W. G; Appert, S; Arai, K; Araya, M. C; Areeda, J. S; Arnaud, N; Arun, K. G; Ascenzi, S; Ashton, G; Ast, M; Aston, S. M; Astone, P; Aufmuth, P; Aulbert, C; Avila Alvarez, A; Babak, S; Bacon, P; Bader, M. K. M; Baker, P. T; Baldaccini, F; Ballardin, G; Ballmer, S. W; Barayoga, J. C; Barclay, S. E; Barish, B. C; Barker, D; Barone, F; Barr, B; Barsotti, L; Barsuglia, M; Barta, D; Bartlett, J; Bartos, I; Bassiri, R; Basti, A; Batch, J. C; Baune, C; Bavigadda, V; Bazzan, M; Beer, C; Bejger, M; Belahcene, I; Belgin, M; Bell, A. S; Berger, B. K; Bergmann, G; Berry, C. P. L; Bersanetti, D; Bertolini, A; Betzwieser, J; Bhagwat, S; Bhandare, R; Bilenko, I. A; Billingsley, G; Billman, C. R; Birch, J; Birney, R; Birnholtz, O; Biscans, S; Biscoveanu, A. S; Bisht, A; Bitossi, M; Biwer, C; Bizouard, M. A; Blackburn, J. K; Blackman, J; Blair, C. D; Blair, D. G; Blair, R. M; Bloemen, S; Bock, O; Boer, M; Bogaert, G; Bohe, A; Bondu, F; Bonnand, R; Boom, B. A; Bork, R; Boschi, V; Bose, S; Bouffanais, Y; Bozzi, A; Bradaschia, C; Brady, P. R; Braginsky, V. B; Branchesi, M; Brau, J. E; Briant, T; Brillet, A; Brinkmann, M; Brisson, V; Brockill, P; Broida, J. E; Brooks, A. F; Brown, D. A; Brown, D. D; Brown, N. M; Brunett, S; Buchanan, C. C; Buikema, A; Bulik, T; Bulten, H. J; Buonanno, A; Buskulic, D; Buy, C; Byer, R. L; Cabero, M; Cadonati, L; Cagnoli, G; Cahillane, C; Calderón Bustillo, J; Callister, T. A; Calloni, Enrico; Camp, J. B; Campbell, W; Canepa, M; Cannon, K. C; Cao, H; Cao, J; Capano, C. D; Capocasa, E; Carbognani, F; Caride, S; Casanueva Diaz, J; Casentini, C; Caudill, S; Cavaglià, M; Cavalier, F; Cavalieri, R; Cella, G; Cepeda, C. B; Cerboni Baiardi, L; Cerretani, G; Cesarini, E; Chamberlin, S. J; Chan, M; Chao, S; Charlton, P; Chassande Mottin, E; Cheeseboro, B. D; Chen, H. Y; Chen, Y; Cheng, H. P; Chincarini, A; Chiummo, A; Chmiel, T; Cho, H. S; Cho, M; Chow, J. H; Christensen, N; Chu, Q; Chua, A. J. K; Chua, S; Chung, S; Ciani, G; Clara, F; Clark, J. A; Cleva, F; Cocchieri, C; Coccia, E; Cohadon, P. F; Colla, A; Collette, C. G; Cominsky, L; Constancio, M; Conti, L; Cooper, S. J; Corbitt, T. R; Cornish, N; Corsi, A; Cortese, S; Costa, C. A; Coughlin, E; Coughlin, M. W; Coughlin, S. B; Coulon, J. P; Countryman, S. T; Couvares, P; Covas, P. B; Cowan, E. E; Coward, D. M; Cowart, M. J; Coyne, D. C; Coyne, R; Creighton, J. D. E; Creighton, T. D; Cripe, J; Crowder, S. G; Cullen, T. J; Cumming, A; Cunningham, L; Cuoco, E; Dal Canton, T; Danilishin, S. L; D'Antonio, S; Danzmann, K; Dasgupta, A; Da Silva Costa, C. F; Dattilo, V; Dave, I; Davier, M; Davies, G. S; Davis, D; Daw, E. J; Day, B; Day, R; De, S; Debra, D; Debreczeni, G; Degallaix, J; De Laurentis, Martina; Deléglise, S; Del Pozzo, W; Denker, T; Dent, T; Dergachev, V; De Rosa, Rosario; Derosa, R. T; Desalvo, R; Devenson, J; Devine, R. C; Dhurandhar, S; Díaz, M. C; Di Fiore, L; Di Giovanni, M; Di Girolamo, Tristano; Di Lieto, A; Di Pace, S; Di Palma, I; Di Virgilio, A; Doctor, Z; Dolique, V; Donovan, F; Dooley, K. L; Doravari, S; Dorrington, I; Douglas, R; Dovale Álvarez, M; Downes, T. P; Drago, M; Drever, R. W. P; Driggers, J. C; Du, Z; Ducrot, M; Dwyer, S. E; Edo, T. B; Edwards, M. C; Effler, A; Eggenstein, H. B; Ehrens, P; Eichholz, J; Eikenberry, S. S; Essick, R. C; Etienne, Z; Etzel, T; Evans, M; Evans, T. M; Everett, R; Factourovich, M; Fafone, V; Fair, H; Fairhurst, S; Fan, X; Farinon, S; Farr, B; Farr, W. M; Fauchon Jones, E. J; Favata, M; Fays, M; Fehrmann, H; Fejer, M. M; Fernández Galiana, A; Ferrante, I; Ferreira, E. C; Ferrini, F; Fidecaro, F; Fiori, I; Fiorucci, D; Fisher, R. P; Flaminio, R; Fletcher, M; Fong, H; Forsyth, S. S; Fournier, J. D; Frasca, S; Frasconi, F; Frei, Z; Freise, A; Frey, R; Frey, V; Fries, E. M; Fritschel, P; Frolov, V. V; Fulda, P; Fyffe, M; Gabbard, H; Gadre, B. U; Gaebel, S. M; Gair, J. R; Gammaitoni, L; Gaonkar, S. G; Garufi, Fabio; Gaur, G; Gayathri, V; Gehrels, N; Gemme, G; Genin, E; Gennai, A; George, J; Gergely, L; Germain, V; Ghonge, S; Ghosh, Abhirup; Ghosh, Archisman; Ghosh, S; Giaime, J. A; Giardina, K. D; Giazotto, A; Gill, K; Glaefke, A; Goetz, E; Goetz, R; Gondan, L; González, G; Gonzalez Castro, J. M; Gopakumar, A; Gorodetsky, M. L; Gossan, S. E; Gosselin, M; Gouaty, R; Grado, A; Graef, C; Granata, M; Grant, A; Gras, S; Gray, C; Greco, G; Green, A. C; Groot, P; Grote, H; Grunewald, S; Guidi, G. M; Guo, X; Gupta, A; Gupta, M. K; Gushwa, K. E; Gustafson, E. K; Gustafson, R; Hacker, J. J; Hall, B. R; Hall, E. D; Hammond, G; Haney, M; Hanke, M. M; Hanks, J; Hanna, C; Hannam, M. D; Hanson, J; Hardwick, T; Harms, J; Harry, G. M; Harry, I. W; Hart, M. J; Hartman, M. T; Haster, C. J; Haughian, K; Healy, J; Heidmann, A; Heintze, M. C; Heitmann, H; Hello, P; Hemming, G; Hendry, M; Heng, I. S; Hennig, J; Henry, J; Heptonstall, A. W; Heurs, M; Hild, S; Hoak, D; Hofman, D; Holt, K; Holz, D. E; Hopkins, P; Hough, J; Houston, E. A; Howell, E. J; Y. M, Hu; Huerta, E. A; Huet, D; Hughey, B; Husa, S; Huttner, S. H; Huynh Dinh, T; Indik, N; Ingram, D. R; Inta, R; Isa, H. N; Isac, J. M; Isi, M; Isogai, T; Iyer, B. R; Izumi, K; Jacqmin, T; Jani, K; Jaranowski, P; Jawahar, S; Jiménez Forteza, F; Johnson, W. W; Jones, D. I; Jones, R; Jonker, R. J. G; Ju, L; Junker, J; Kalaghatgi, C. V; Kalogera, V; Kandhasamy, S; Kang, G; Kanner, J. B; Karki, S; Karvinen, K. S; Kasprzack, M; Katsavounidis, E; Katzman, W; Kaufer, S; Kaur, T; Kawabe, K; Kéfélian, F; Keitel, D; Kelley, D. B; Kennedy, R; Key, J. S; Khalili, F. Y; Khan, I; Khan, S; Khan, Z; Khazanov, E. 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R; Parker, W; Pascucci, D; Pasqualetti, A; Passaquieti, R; Passuello, D; Patricelli, B; Pearlstone, B. L; Pedraza, M; Pedurand, R; Pekowsky, L; Pele, A; Penn, S; Perez, C. J; Perreca, A; Perri, L. M; Pfeiffer, H. P; Phelps, M; Piccinni, O. J; Pichot, M; Piergiovanni, F; Pierro, V; Pillant, G; Pinard, L; Pinto, I. M; Pitkin, M; Poe, M; Poggiani, R; Popolizio, P; Post, A; Powell, J; Prasad, J; Pratt, J. W. W; Predoi, V; Prestegard, T; Prijatelj, M; Principe, M; Privitera, S; Prodi, G. A; Prokhorov, L. G; Puncken, O; Punturo, M; Puppo, P; Pürrer, M; Qi, H; Qin, J; Qiu, S; Quetschke, V; Quintero, E. A; Quitzow James, R; Raab, F. J; Rabeling, D. S; Radkins, H; Raffai, P; Raja, S; Rajan, C; Rakhmanov, M; Rapagnani, P; Raymond, V; Razzano, M; Re, V; Read, J; Regimbau, T; Rei, L; Reid, S; Reitze, D. H; Rew, H; Reyes, S. D; Rhoades, E; Ricci, F; Riles, K; Rizzo, M; Robertson, N. A; Robie, R; Robinet, F; Rocchi, A; Rolland, L; Rollins, J. G; Roma, V. J; Romano, J. D; Romano, R; Romie, J. H; Rosińska, D; Rowan, S; Rüdiger, A; Ruggi, P; Ryan, K; Sachdev, S; Sadecki, T; Sadeghian, L; Sakellariadou, M; Salconi, L; Saleem, M; Salemi, F; Samajdar, A; Sammut, L; Sampson, L. M; Sanchez, E. J; Sandberg, V; Sanders, J. R; Sassolas, B; Sathyaprakash, B. S; Saulson, P. R; Sauter, O; Savage, R. L; Sawadsky, A; Schale, P; Scheuer, J; Schlassa, S; Schmidt, E; Schmidt, J; Schmidt, P; Schnabel, R; Schofield, R. M. S; Schönbeck, A; Schreiber, E; Schuette, D; Schutz, B. F; Schwalbe, S. G; Scott, J; Scott, S. M; Sellers, D; Sengupta, A. S; Sentenac, D; Sergeev, A; Setyawati, Y; Shaddock, D. A; Shaffer, T. J; Shahriar, M. S; Shapiro, B; Shawhan, P; Sheperd, A; Shoemaker, D. H; Shoemaker, D. M; Siellez, K; Siemens, X; Sieniawska, M; Sigg, D; Silva, A. D; Singer, A; Singer, L. P; Singh, A; Singh, R; Singhal, A; Sintes, A. M; Slagmolen, B. J. J; Smith, B; Smith, J. R; Smith, R. J. E; Son, E. J; Sorazu, B; Sorrentino, F; Souradeep, T; Spencer, A. P; Srivastava, A. 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J; Zhu, X. J; Zucker, M. E; Zweizig, J.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.121101

A wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological sources are expected to contribute to a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Following the observations of GW150914 and GW151226, the rate and mass of coalescing binary black holes appear to be greater than many previous expectations. As a result, the stochastic background from unresolved compact binary coalescences is expected to be particularly loud. We perform a search for the isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background using data from Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory's (aLIGO) first observing run. The data display no evidence of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. We constrain the dimensionless energy density of gravitational waves to be Ω_0<1.7×10^-7 with 95% confidence, assuming a flat energy density spectrum in the most sensitive part of the LIGO band (20-86 Hz). This is a factor of ∼33 times more sensitive than previous measurements. We also constrain arbitrary power-law spectra. Finally, we investigate the implications of this search for the background of binary black holes using an astrophysical model for the background.

Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run / Abbott, B. P; Abbott, R; Abbott, T. D; Abernathy, M. R; Acernese, F; Ackley, K; Adams, C; Adams, T; Addesso, P; Adhikari, R. X; Adya, V. B; Affeldt, C; Agathos, M; Agatsuma, K; Aggarwal, N; Aguiar, O. D; Aiello, L; Ain, A; Ajith, P; Allen, B; Allocca, A; Altin, P. A; Ananyeva, A; Anderson, S. B; Anderson, W. G; Appert, S; Arai, K; Araya, M. C; Areeda, J. S; Arnaud, N; Arun, K. G; Ascenzi, S; Ashton, G; Ast, M; Aston, S. M; Astone, P; Aufmuth, P; Aulbert, C; Avila Alvarez, A; Babak, S; Bacon, P; Bader, M. K. M; Baker, P. T; Baldaccini, F; Ballardin, G; Ballmer, S. W; Barayoga, J. C; Barclay, S. E; Barish, B. C; Barker, D; Barone, F; Barr, B; Barsotti, L; Barsuglia, M; Barta, D; Bartlett, J; Bartos, I; Bassiri, R; Basti, A; Batch, J. C; Baune, C; Bavigadda, V; Bazzan, M; Beer, C; Bejger, M; Belahcene, I; Belgin, M; Bell, A. S; Berger, B. K; Bergmann, G; Berry, C. P. L; Bersanetti, D; Bertolini, A; Betzwieser, J; Bhagwat, S; Bhandare, R; Bilenko, I. A; Billingsley, G; Billman, C. R; Birch, J; Birney, R; Birnholtz, O; Biscans, S; Biscoveanu, A. S; Bisht, A; Bitossi, M; Biwer, C; Bizouard, M. A; Blackburn, J. K; Blackman, J; Blair, C. D; Blair, D. G; Blair, R. M; Bloemen, S; Bock, O; Boer, M; Bogaert, G; Bohe, A; Bondu, F; Bonnand, R; Boom, B. A; Bork, R; Boschi, V; Bose, S; Bouffanais, Y; Bozzi, A; Bradaschia, C; Brady, P. R; Braginsky, V. B; Branchesi, M; Brau, J. E; Briant, T; Brillet, A; Brinkmann, M; Brisson, V; Brockill, P; Broida, J. E; Brooks, A. F; Brown, D. A; Brown, D. D; Brown, N. M; Brunett, S; Buchanan, C. C; Buikema, A; Bulik, T; Bulten, H. J; Buonanno, A; Buskulic, D; Buy, C; Byer, R. L; Cabero, M; Cadonati, L; Cagnoli, G; Cahillane, C; Calderón Bustillo, J; Callister, T. A; Calloni, Enrico; Camp, J. B; Campbell, W; Canepa, M; Cannon, K. C; Cao, H; Cao, J; Capano, C. D; Capocasa, E; Carbognani, F; Caride, S; Casanueva Diaz, J; Casentini, C; Caudill, S; Cavaglià, M; Cavalier, F; Cavalieri, R; Cella, G; Cepeda, C. B; Cerboni Baiardi, L; Cerretani, G; Cesarini, E; Chamberlin, S. J; Chan, M; Chao, S; Charlton, P; Chassande Mottin, E; Cheeseboro, B. D; Chen, H. Y; Chen, Y; Cheng, H. P; Chincarini, A; Chiummo, A; Chmiel, T; Cho, H. S; Cho, M; Chow, J. H; Christensen, N; Chu, Q; Chua, A. J. K; Chua, S; Chung, S; Ciani, G; Clara, F; Clark, J. A; Cleva, F; Cocchieri, C; Coccia, E; Cohadon, P. F; Colla, A; Collette, C. G; Cominsky, L; Constancio, M; Conti, L; Cooper, S. J; Corbitt, T. R; Cornish, N; Corsi, A; Cortese, S; Costa, C. A; Coughlin, E; Coughlin, M. W; Coughlin, S. B; Coulon, J. P; Countryman, S. T; Couvares, P; Covas, P. B; Cowan, E. E; Coward, D. M; Cowart, M. J; Coyne, D. C; Coyne, R; Creighton, J. D. E; Creighton, T. D; Cripe, J; Crowder, S. G; Cullen, T. J; Cumming, A; Cunningham, L; Cuoco, E; Dal Canton, T; Danilishin, S. L; D'Antonio, S; Danzmann, K; Dasgupta, A; Da Silva Costa, C. F; Dattilo, V; Dave, I; Davier, M; Davies, G. S; Davis, D; Daw, E. J; Day, B; Day, R; De, S; Debra, D; Debreczeni, G; Degallaix, J; De Laurentis, Martina; Deléglise, S; Del Pozzo, W; Denker, T; Dent, T; Dergachev, V; De Rosa, Rosario; Derosa, R. T; Desalvo, R; Devenson, J; Devine, R. C; Dhurandhar, S; Díaz, M. C; Di Fiore, L; Di Giovanni, M; Di Girolamo, Tristano; Di Lieto, A; Di Pace, S; Di Palma, I; Di Virgilio, A; Doctor, Z; Dolique, V; Donovan, F; Dooley, K. L; Doravari, S; Dorrington, I; Douglas, R; Dovale Álvarez, M; Downes, T. P; Drago, M; Drever, R. W. P; Driggers, J. C; Du, Z; Ducrot, M; Dwyer, S. E; Edo, T. B; Edwards, M. C; Effler, A; Eggenstein, H. B; Ehrens, P; Eichholz, J; Eikenberry, S. S; Essick, R. C; Etienne, Z; Etzel, T; Evans, M; Evans, T. M; Everett, R; Factourovich, M; Fafone, V; Fair, H; Fairhurst, S; Fan, X; Farinon, S; Farr, B; Farr, W. M; Fauchon Jones, E. 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