Surgical Approaches: Introduction and Outcomes

Craniopharyngiomas account for 1.2 to 4.6% of all intracranial tumors, and were first described in 1857 by Friedrich Albert von Zenker. They exist as two subtypes, namely adamantinomatous and papillary, with the former occurring in children and adults, but the form is seen almost exclusively in adults. Craniopharyngiomas involve the sella and parasellar areas and can recur even after radical resection.Over the years, several authors have defined classifications for craniopharyngiomas in terms of their growth path and the surgical route used. Fronto-temporal and transsphenoidal approaches are used, with the aid of the microscope and endoscope. Radiation treatment is usually reserved for residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas.The outcome of primary surgery for craniopharyngiomas is affected by different factors such as age, clinical conditions, and previous treatment. Visual and endocrinological complications may persist. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.