Archeologia, Architettura e Paesaggio tra preesistenze e progetto

The contribution has the aim to deepen some topics on the project in very typical contexts as well as the archeological sites and historic small villages: this starting from two study experiences regarding, in particular, the integrated conservation of Borgo di Terravecchia in Sarno and the valorization of the archeological paths of Cuma. It was about the conservation of values in both sites: the former is characterized by a significant urban structure and its buildings, to be considered as a whole - are able to express a particular relationship with the landscape; the latter has the problem to make an arrangement for the valorization and conservation of the remains. Both the places are needed to be thought in relation to the landscape and also request an attentive interpretation of the impact and significances that new project elements involve. Considerations are been made in relation to the connection between ‘new’ and ‘ancient’ focusing on the everlastingness of the debate, but starting from the assumption that restoration means architecture, that is a particular sort of architecture. From this point of view, the architecture project has to give critical and historical answers to the present state of a place. The second topic rounds about the landscape concept that is linked to the expanding notion of cultural heritage. This includes a broader interpretation leading to recognition of human coexistence with the territory and human beings in the social and anthropological context; this requires also new approaches and specific methodologies for urban conservation and development in a land context. In fact, the typically physical aspects of the sites considered together with the immaterial ones have transformed and enlarged the concept of heritage. It is from the beginning of the twentieth century that we could find some precise references about the capacities of places to stimulate images and memory; however, the same perception of the places and architectures, and also the consciousness of its protection, has been enriched of associations to many elements and cultural values. This explains the multidimensional approaches which have to be followed in heritage conservation program. In fact, the conservation discipline must include several other disciplines as well as history of architecture, planning, aesthetic, strengthening, economics, archeology, and so on. This shows us the multidisciplinarity and, we have to say, the interdisciplinarity at the same time. In other words, with the passing of time it has become more and more concrete the cultural structure within which to insert the notion of “heritage” and “landscape” too, because we have to speak about “values” and “spirit of place”. Finally, the contribution remarks the open nature of such notion of architecture-landscape that allows and oblige to have a unitariness of approach both to the project ‘ex novo’ and the restoration one.