Role of spatial distribution of matricellular cues in controlling cell functions.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents the quintessential material for tissue engineering (TE) applications, because it provides a structural support and regulates tissue development. Therefore, the main challenge in TE is to recreate ECM analogues that recapitulate the structural and molecular microenvironment to promote and guide tissue growth. Apart from composition, the distribution and presentation of molecular cues within the matrix are pivotal in controlling morphogenetic process. However, the role of matricellular signal presentation in terms of spatial and temporal orchestration is still poorly understood. This article overviews the development of systems able to control the spatial and temporal exposure of matricellular cues to the aim of guide cell response for tissue engineering applications.