Technology readiness and digital gap for depicting socio-economic dynamics in society 5.0: a meso-level observation.

Digital instruments, devices, and platforms are transforming socio-economic structures, giving rise to new ecosystem configurations that demand sustainable, smart, and inclusive growth strategies. This study adopts a meso-level perspective to analyze the critical role of technology readiness and the digital gap in shaping entrepreneurial and innovation driven ecosystems that are foundational to Society 5.0. By exploring how digital tran sitions influence collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and value co-creation among groups within regional ecosystems, the paper provides a systems-thinking model that highlights the unique challenges and opportunities for sustainability. In contrast to previous research that examines Society 5.0 from either individual or macro perspectives, this meso-level framework addresses the multidimensional interactions that drive ecosystem resilience and inclusive participation. It emphasizes the need for alignment in information, interpretation, and cognition among stakeholders to foster long-term, cohesive growth. The proposed model identifies core pillars for developing integrated, adaptable ecosystems that balance economic and social value, guiding regions toward more inclusive and sustainable devel opment pathways