Investigating and monitoring central nave vaults of the Turin Cathedral with Acoustic Emissions and Thrust Network Analysis

Ancient masonry constructions and historical buildings, such as cathedrals, are exposed to considerable risks attributed to factors like ageing and long-term exposure to both dynamic and static variations in loading conditions. In this study, an innovative and promising monitoring approach was applied to assess the structural integrity of the vault in the central nave of the Turin Cathedral. Specifically, the outcomes obtained from Acoustic Emissions (AE) are correlated with the insights derived from the Thrust Network Analysis (TNA) conducted on the structure. This analysis considers the structural elements introduced early in the twentieth century to mitigate horizontal forces. Acoustic Emission (AE) is a commonly employed technique in structural monitoring to detect and analyze elastic waves generated by crack formation, providing valuable information about structural damage. The Thrust Network Analysis (TNA) is an approach that applies Heyman's principles to represent stress in masonry vaults. This method models the stresses as a discrete network of forces, achieving equilibrium with gravitational loads. In this context, the results obtained by TNA analysis are strictly correlated with AE localization results.