Computational fluid dynamic analysis on the induced apical pressures in simulated oval and irregular round canals: an ex-vivo study

Aim: Fluid dynamics can be understood in-vitro by observing the fluid flow patterns in the simulated canal models. The current study aimed at assessing the apical pressures in simulated oval and irregular round canals using computational fluid dynamic analysis (CFD) as a tool. Methodology: Following the ethical approval, a total of 58 freshly extracted mandibular second premolars were collected for the present study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning was done to confirm the root canal morphology. Based on the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, the specimens were divided into two groups: group I: irregular round canals (n=29), and group II: completely oval canals (n=29). Following this, the instrumentation of the specimens was carried out using the XP-Endo Shaper (XPS) file system. A post-instrumentation CBCT was then taken to obtain a computer-aided design (CAD) model. Once the CAD model was obtained the CFD simulations were then carried out at different needle placements. Results: Group I showed significantly higher (P<0.05) apical pressures at all the needle positions analyzed. Conclusion: Oval-shaped canals showed the least apical pressures at all needle positions as compared to irregular round canals.