Role of physical activity/exercise in the care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

In the last few years the importance of physical activity/exercise in the treatment of type 1 diabetes has been clearly recognized. When associated with normocaloric diet and flexible self management, regular physical activity helps maintain weight, reduces insulin requirement and cardiovascular risk factors, in addition to improving socialization and self-esteem. The effect of physical activity on glucose control is debated, since it depends on a wise adaptation to exercise of carbohydrate intake, insulin dose and glucose self monitoring. Barriers to physical activity in patients with diabetes include fear of severe metabolic derangement. Paediatric diabetologists should develop strategies that allow young subjects with diabetes to participate in a safe and enjoyable manner in activities that are developmentally appropriate.