Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements of public health. Vaccination programs have contributed to the decline in mortality and morbidity of various infectious diseases. This review aims to investigate the impact of sex/gender on the vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. The studies were identified by using PubMed, until 30th June 2020. The search was performed by using the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, gender, sex, vaccine, adverse reaction. Clinical trials, retrospective and prospective studies were included. Studies written in languages other than English were excluded. Three authors (TC, EB and IA) reviewed all study abstracts. Studies were included if gender differences in response to vaccination trials were reported. All selected studies were qualitatively analyzed. Innate recognition and response to viruses, as well as, adaptive immune responses during viral infections, differ between females and males. Unfortunately, a majority of vaccine trials have focused on healthy people, with ages between 18 to 65 years, excluding the elderly, pregnant women, post-menopausal female and children. In conclusion, it is apparent that the design of vaccines and vaccine strategies should be sex-specific, to reduce adverse reactions in females and increase immunogenicity in males. It should be mandatory to examine sex-related variables in pre-clinical and clinical vaccine trials, such as their crucial role for successful prevention of pandemic Covid-19.

Gender differences in vaccine therapy: where are we in Covid-19 pandemic? / Ciarambino, T; Barbagelata, E; Corbi, G; Ambrosino, I; Politi, C; Lavalle, F; Ruggieri, A; Moretti, A.. - In: MONALDI ARCHIVES FOR CHEST DISEASE. - ISSN 1122-0643. - 91:4(2021). [10.4081/monaldi.2021.1669]

Gender differences in vaccine therapy: where are we in Covid-19 pandemic?

Corbi G;
2021

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements of public health. Vaccination programs have contributed to the decline in mortality and morbidity of various infectious diseases. This review aims to investigate the impact of sex/gender on the vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. The studies were identified by using PubMed, until 30th June 2020. The search was performed by using the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, gender, sex, vaccine, adverse reaction. Clinical trials, retrospective and prospective studies were included. Studies written in languages other than English were excluded. Three authors (TC, EB and IA) reviewed all study abstracts. Studies were included if gender differences in response to vaccination trials were reported. All selected studies were qualitatively analyzed. Innate recognition and response to viruses, as well as, adaptive immune responses during viral infections, differ between females and males. Unfortunately, a majority of vaccine trials have focused on healthy people, with ages between 18 to 65 years, excluding the elderly, pregnant women, post-menopausal female and children. In conclusion, it is apparent that the design of vaccines and vaccine strategies should be sex-specific, to reduce adverse reactions in females and increase immunogenicity in males. It should be mandatory to examine sex-related variables in pre-clinical and clinical vaccine trials, such as their crucial role for successful prevention of pandemic Covid-19.
2021
Gender differences in vaccine therapy: where are we in Covid-19 pandemic? / Ciarambino, T; Barbagelata, E; Corbi, G; Ambrosino, I; Politi, C; Lavalle, F; Ruggieri, A; Moretti, A.. - In: MONALDI ARCHIVES FOR CHEST DISEASE. - ISSN 1122-0643. - 91:4(2021). [10.4081/monaldi.2021.1669]
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
MONALDI_Ciarambibo'21.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Documento in Post-print
Licenza: Copyright dell'editore
Dimensione 685.3 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
685.3 kB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11588/891535
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 16
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 14
social impact