Error Mitigation in Quantum Measurement through Fuzzy C-Means Clustering

Recently, Quantum Computing is entered in the so-called Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, where devices characterized by a few number of qubits are potentially able to overcome classical computers in performing specific tasks. However, noise in quantum operators still limits the size of quantum circuits that can be run in a reliable way. Consequently, there is a strong need for error mitigation approaches aimed at increasing reliability in quantum computation and making this paradigm really useful and productive in real world applications. In this paper, a fuzzy method, such as Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering, has been used, for the very first time, to support the identification of matrices for error mitigation in quantum measurement. As shown in experiments, mitigation matrices identified with the support of FCM are able to strongly reduce error in computation when compared to mitigation matrices conventionally identified, like those used by IBM in its quantum library named Qiskit.