Evaluation of the deposition, infiltration and drainage of the atmospheric pollutants in the vadose zone

In the last decades, a large effort has been carried out to reduce atmospheric pollutant emissions in Europe. However, despite the progresses of the last 30 years (Rogora et al., 2016), water and soil acidification, nutrition unbalance in forest trees, and eutrophication in surface waters are still of great concern. In particular, nutrients that fall on the ground from the atmosphere represent a minor component of the total nitrogen input to soils, especially when compared to agricultural, civil and industrial inputs (EEA, 2005). Although often underestimated, this source apportionment becomes a part of leaching from the soil to groundwater. Therefore, the overarching goal of this study is to identify anthropogenic background values of pollutants in groundwater, not related to direct sources of contamination (e.g., industrial wastes, leakages from sewage systems, fertilizers).