The SDGs System: a longitudinal analysis through PLS-PM

The Sustainable Development Agenda [24] emphasizes measurement and monitoring progress of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets, stressing the need for “a data revolution for sustainable development to improve the quality of statistics and information available to citizens and governments”. The main problem for researchers is to find appropriate tools to obtain a synthetic indicator able to synthesize these targets and monitor them over the time. The work focuses on using the Structural Equation Modeling and especially Higher Order Partial Least Squares Path Modeling as a valuable way to analyze longitudinal data of SDGs. The paper contributes to the European Community countries-analysis of SDG reporting by performing a longitudinal analysis over the 20-year period encompassing 2000 to 2019. Due to the difficulty of reporting on a paper a detailed analysis of all 17 SDGs, we focus only on social dimension.