Dioxin and endometriosis: a new possible relation based on epigenetic theory

Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the growth of endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Nowadays, the exact etiology of endometriosis is unclear and the interaction between a variety of environmental physical and chemical compounds may potentially promote the disease in women with an individual susceptibility. The first demonstration of a relation between an environmental factor and endometriosis was obtained with the chronic dietary exposure of a primate colony to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Besides the well-known dioxin’s pathway of action, several papers are focusing on the role of epigenetic mechanisms, a way through which the genome responds to the environment and can lead to permanent changes in gene expression until affecting the phenotypes or cause disease. In this review, we focus on the possible role of dioxin epigenetics modification in endometriosis.