Achilles tendon pathologies: How to choose the best treatment

The Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon of the human body and it gets frequently injured during sports activity. The incidence of Achilles tendon pathologies has increased over the last decades, especially in the last few years, as a result of the increased sports participation among general population and for the diffusion of competitive sports at a high level. Although the increased interest and number of studies about Achilles tendon pathologies, at the moment there is not a consensual point of view on which is the best treatment for Achilles tendon injuries, and its management is still controversial. Treatment options mainly include conservative treatment and surgical repair. The decision for treatment in patients with an Achilles tendon pathology should be tailored on patient’s needs and level of activity, since patients with high activity levels may accept the risk of a higher complication rate to rapidly return to previous activity, while less active patients or those who cannot undergo surgery due to comorbidities may choose the non-operative option to decrease the risk of infection and other complications. The aim of this article is to give an insight about the most used and recent treatment options for Achilles tendon pathologies.