From Silicon Valley to Africa Valley: which paradigms are needed in the transition from II to IV industrial revolution? Knowledge roadmap and technological track

In Africa today there is a real startup explosion of remarkable value. There are several research and innovation hubs in the African continent, such as Silicon Cape, South Africa, and Silicon Savannah, Kenya. How are these initiatives autonomous and how can the more globally famous valley of innovation, Silicon Valley, inspire them? Above all, which paradigms are driving, and will continue to drive in the foreseeable future, the African continent in its development, moving from a continent with some areas still lacking electricity to another which is innovative and overcomes its barriers and internal obstacles? In response to these questions, this article aims to bring useful reflections and provide two parallel paths for innovation: one, a cultural roadmap, based on the development and the diffusion of knowledge and the other, a technological track, consequent to the first and based on technology. Statistical analysis complements the proposed reflections.