La sicurezza negli stadi in Italia. Tifo, violenza, diritto e misure di contrasto

Stadium Safety in Italy. Fans, Violence and Law Enforcement Measures.** The paper aims to analyse stadium safety, football-related violence and legal adjustments characteriz-ing Italy in recent years. Facing the complexity and the heterogeneity of fans’ conduct and the variety of all possible actors and situations involved, academic investigations have pro-vided useful and targeted interpretations, but they have missed to provide uniform defini-tions and explanations of this phenomenon. At the same time, over the last decades public debates, influenced by the media, focused their attention on how ultras might be a dangerous threat to public good, social order and rules. In doing so, they have understated wider inter-pretations and have constantly increased moral blame against an enemy represented as crim-inal. Within this context, the legal framework has been oriented towards a paradigm of so-cial danger. The legislative action has taken on punitive and preventive roles, aimed at pre-serving safety in stadiums, while often overlooking more general consideration of civil rights.