Growth, quality index, and mineral composition of five ornamental cabbage cultivars grown under different nitrogen fertilization rates

The fertilizer nitrogen (N) inputs to some potted plants such as ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL. var. acephalaD.C.) are frequently higher than the actual demand. Optimization of N fertilization rate and selecting N-efficient cultivars are important approaches to increase the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and to reduce environmental pollution from nitrate leaching. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing levels of nitrate (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mM of NO3-) in the nutrient solution on plant growth, quality, SPAD index, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf pigments, mineral composition, and NUE in five ornamental cabbage cultivars(‘Coral Prince’, ‘Coral Queen’, ‘Glamour Red’, ‘Northern Lights Red’, and ‘White Peacock’), grown in closed subirrigation system. ‘Glamour Red’ and ‘Northern Lights Red’ needed 3.3, and 2.9 mM of NO3-in the supplied nutrient solution, respectively to produce 50% of predicted maximum shoot dry weight, whereas the vigorous cultivars ‘Coral Prince’, ‘Coral Queen’, and ‘White Peacock’ needed 5.5, 4.7, and 4.3 mM of NO3-, respectively. Total leaf area, shoot dry weight, SPAD index, N, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased linearly and quadratically in response to an increase of the nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution. Irrespective of cultivars, fertilizing above10 mM NO3-produced high-quality plants (quality index of 5) and resulted in sufficiently high tissue concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe.