Implementation of High Dynamic Raman Lidar System for 3D Map of Particulate Optical Properties and Their Time Evolution

Fast scanning lidar system can provide aerosol volume distribution and time evolution in atmosphere. Usually fast scanning lidar has a relative simple configuration. Multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman measurements gave us more information about the particulate shape, type and dimension. The most Raman lidars use high power laser source in order to get enough Raman scattering signal. One of a challenge for Raman lidar system is to have enough dynamic range to satisfy the measurements both for pure molecule Rayleigh scattering and high dene aerosol, such as dust storm, volcano emitted aerosol and high polluted urban aerosol. The estimation of microphysical properties requires independent measurements of both backscatter and extinction coefficient at several wavelengths (multi-wavelength Raman lidar). Additional information can be retrieved from simultaneous measurements of the depolarization signal and water vapor mixing ratio, since those measurements are particularly useful to correlate aerosol optical properties with their shape and hygroscopicity. A multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman lidar system has been designed to perform volume scanning of the atmosphere and to retrieve high quality 3D map of particulate optical properties and their time evolution. This system is equipped with a doubled and tripled Nd:YAG diode-pumped laser that is specifically designed for this device, with a repetition rate of 1KHz and average optical power of 0.6W at 355nm, 1.5W at 532nm and 1W at 1064nm. The relative high repetition rate laser source can increase the detectable signal dynamic range. The receiving system is based on a 25cm modified Cassegrain telescope. The spectral selection of the backscatter elastic and Raman signals is made through a system of dichroic beam splitters and narrow band (0.5 nm) interferential filters. Fast single photon counting photomultipliers are used to collect the selected radiation. Each detected signal is acquired by multi-channel scalers with a raw spatial resolution varying from 30cm to 30m. Moreover, polarization purity of laser line allows to perform polarization measurements at both 355 and 532nm. This device is installed in the Beijing city area, which is strongly affected from anthropogenic pollution and sand dust from Gobi desert.