I Rom in Italia fra esclusione e rimozione. Strategie per l'esigibilità dei diritti e il superamento dei campi.

ABSTRACT - In the transformation, with the profound disorientation, it is evident a serious crisis of the social bond (Laino, 2012). In the cities there is a growing presence of homeless people without rights and among them Roms seem to be a scapegoat of the social insecurity (Bauman, 2003). While some analysts prefigure a subsistence future in the cities of slums (Sassen, 2011; Neuwirth, 2005) the awareness that we need to go towards cities where living harmoniously among strangers is possible is taking shape (Amin, 2011). Roms are a minority without territory (Bonetti, and Simone Vitale, 2011, Spinelli, 2012; Careri, 2011), without even the recognition of being a linguistic minority and - at least for those who have lived for years in camps - in objectively subordinate cultural conditions (Zincone 2010), affected by harassment and racial discrimination (Piasere 2004 and 2012, Gambini Tosi 2008). Even those who live more integrated in normal houses are in the shade. Roms in Italy are about 160,000: people in very different conditions, who for a long time are neither nomads nor short-staying, with many young fathers born here (Senate 2010, Vitale 2010; Layers 2011; PCM, 2012). Roms living in camps, especially in the suburbs of midsize and big cities, are about 50,000. In several cities settlements were burnt and institutions have been rebuked by the European Union and Amnesty International (2010) for the existence and revival of camps and evictions without any suitable alternative accommodation. After an inquiry conducted by the House of Congress (=Senato) (2010) and after official warnings, the Monti government launched a national strategy consistent with the European guidelines and suggestions offered by major experts, but only in a few cities it was possible to launch effective initiatives (PCM, 2012). In the most interesting cases it has been started an integration of policies, a cooperation between researchers and administrators, with examples of multi-level governance and real involvement of the Roms (Tosi 2008; Vitale, 2009; Anci 2011), with developments that tend to go beyond the logic of the field. In Naples Roms conditions are very serious (Nieli, 2011) since several years and the City struggles to achieve the clearing of the fields. With the ???listening laboratory???, a municipal project has been rejected. It suggested again a camp made of heavy prefabricated housing units on one floor for four hundred people at the edges of Scampia district, in an area occupied by sheds inhabited by Roms. The City has accepted all the indications of the laboratory, claiming an integrated approach with a high degree of partecipation, designed to give home to Roms families. The story is still ongoing even if it seems very difficult to create a virtuous course in the current conditions of local crisis and instability in the general political framework: a great challenge even for the planners.