Externally Bonded Masonry Structures

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials can be very reliable materials for the retrofit of unreinforced masonry structures. After a brief introduction on the wide variety of materials, typologies, and construction techniques of masonry structures, the main principles of unreinforced masonry assessment are discussed. The knowledge of typical masonry damages and failure modes allows the reader to understand the basis of retrofit design using innovative composite systems and the essential principles for the selection of materials and systems for masonry retrofit. The bond mechanism, at the base of the structural performance of externally applied FRP, is discussed and then peculiar aspects of in-plane and out-of-plane masonry retrofits are debated. Shear, flexural, and confinement applications are considered at both local and global scales. Peculiarities in the FRP retrofit of masonry-curved structures complete the review of retrofit applications. Basic mechanical principles as well as provisions from current international design guidelines or innovative theories from up to date scientific literature are discussed as well.