Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with maleated poly(propylene) by a dry mechano-chemical process

Ball milling was used to graft maleated polypropylene (MAPP) on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), with a view to preparing MWCNT/polypropylene composites with improved matrix/nanotube compatibility. The occurrence of the grafting reaction was evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy and the yield was quantified by thermogravimetric analysis, as a function of the milling time. Dispersion experiments confirmed the nanotube surface modification of the nanotubes since functionalized MWCNTs remained stably dispersed in an ethanol/xylene solution for more than 48 h after sonication. No evidences of significant structural damage after the mechano-chemical treatment were shown by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, a layer attributable to the presence of grafted MAPP chains on MWCNT walls was clearly detected by transmission electron microscopy. The average thickness of this amorphous layer was evaluated and compared with quantitative TGA data.