Airfoil Morphing Architecture Based on Shape Memory Alloys

The adaptive structures concept is of great interest in the aeronautical field because of the several benefits which can be accomplished in the design of future aircraft. Improvements in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, aero-elastic behaviour and manoeuvrability were proved by many international studies. The development of new structural architectures implementing and integrating innovative materials is mandatory for succeeding in these critical tasks. The so-called Smart Structure idea is more and more taken into account in aerospace applications Among the family of Smart Materials, Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) certainly represents a convenient solution for many static applications. In this work, an application for a morphing wing trailing edge is presented as alternative for conventional flap devices. A compliant rib structure has been designed, based on SMA components working both as actuators, controlling wing chamber, and as structural elements, sustaining external aerodynamic loads. Achievable performance has been estimated by a FE approach; SMA behaviour has been modelled through a dedicated routine implementing the Liang & Rogers' model for evaluating the internal stress and the minimum temperature necessary for activation. The numerical results have been presented in terms of induced displacements and morphed shape.