The Caribbean sponge, Plakortis simplex, is known to contain a large array of secondary metabolites, including the antimalarial polyketide plakortin, several unusual glycolipids, and some hopanoids, which closely resemble typical bacterial metabolites. The hypothesis that they could be products of bacterial metabolism was tested by localizing speciWc metabolites in cells using physical separation of sponge cells, bacterial symbionts and supernatant by diVerential centrifugation. The obtained fractions were analysed separately for the typical P. simplex metabolites by NMR and mass spectrometry, and most of them were shown to be present in the bacterial cells but not in the sponge cells. In addition, PCR screening showed that the biosynthetic pathway for glycosphingolipids was present in the bacterial cells. Isolation of a Sphingomonas strain PS193 from P. simplex and subsequent glycosphingolipid analysis resulted in the detection of a known glycosphingolipid, GSL-1, that did, however, not match the glycosphingolipid proWle of P. simplex. Therefore, it is unlikely that Sphingomonas strain PS193 is an abundant member of the microbial community associated with P. simplex. Other glycosphingolipid producing bacteria in P. simplex remain to be identiWed. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence that the glycolipids and hopanoids and possibly also the polyketide plakortin are produced by microbial symbionts rather than the sponge from which the metabolites were originally isolated.

Cellular localisation of secondary metabolites isolated from the Caribbean sponge Plakortis simplex / M., Laroche; Imperatore, Concetta; L., Grozdanov; Costantino, Valeria; Mangoni, Alfonso; U., Hentschel; Fattorusso, Ernesto. - In: MARINE BIOLOGY. - ISSN 0025-3162. - STAMPA. - 151:4(2007), pp. 1365-1373. [10.1007/s00227-006-0572-1]

Cellular localisation of secondary metabolites isolated from the Caribbean sponge Plakortis simplex

IMPERATORE, CONCETTA;COSTANTINO, VALERIA;MANGONI, ALFONSO;FATTORUSSO, ERNESTO
2007

Abstract

The Caribbean sponge, Plakortis simplex, is known to contain a large array of secondary metabolites, including the antimalarial polyketide plakortin, several unusual glycolipids, and some hopanoids, which closely resemble typical bacterial metabolites. The hypothesis that they could be products of bacterial metabolism was tested by localizing speciWc metabolites in cells using physical separation of sponge cells, bacterial symbionts and supernatant by diVerential centrifugation. The obtained fractions were analysed separately for the typical P. simplex metabolites by NMR and mass spectrometry, and most of them were shown to be present in the bacterial cells but not in the sponge cells. In addition, PCR screening showed that the biosynthetic pathway for glycosphingolipids was present in the bacterial cells. Isolation of a Sphingomonas strain PS193 from P. simplex and subsequent glycosphingolipid analysis resulted in the detection of a known glycosphingolipid, GSL-1, that did, however, not match the glycosphingolipid proWle of P. simplex. Therefore, it is unlikely that Sphingomonas strain PS193 is an abundant member of the microbial community associated with P. simplex. Other glycosphingolipid producing bacteria in P. simplex remain to be identiWed. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence that the glycolipids and hopanoids and possibly also the polyketide plakortin are produced by microbial symbionts rather than the sponge from which the metabolites were originally isolated.
2007
Cellular localisation of secondary metabolites isolated from the Caribbean sponge Plakortis simplex / M., Laroche; Imperatore, Concetta; L., Grozdanov; Costantino, Valeria; Mangoni, Alfonso; U., Hentschel; Fattorusso, Ernesto. - In: MARINE BIOLOGY. - ISSN 0025-3162. - STAMPA. - 151:4(2007), pp. 1365-1373. [10.1007/s00227-006-0572-1]
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Cellular localization.pdf

non disponibili

Tipologia: Documento in Post-print
Licenza: Accesso privato/ristretto
Dimensione 394.66 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
394.66 kB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri   Richiedi una copia

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11588/200867
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 34
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 34
social impact