Functional complementation analysis in potato via biolistic transformation with BAC large DNA fragments

Gene isolation from plants by positional cloning frequently requires several rounds of transformation. To reduce the resources invested and to accelerate the process, we have used large DNA fragments in transformation ex- periments, followed by analysis of transgenic plants to assess functional complementation. Specifically, the transformation of potato with DNA from the 106 kb BAC plasmid BA87d17 is described. The large fragment was introduced into the potato genome by biolistic transformation, while attempting to clone the R1 gene con- ferring a race specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Thirty-one kanamycin resistant plants were regener- ated of which thirteen showed the necrotic lesions typical for the hypersensitive response after infection with the incompatible P. infestans race 4, which carries the avirulence gene Avr1. The successful complementation sup- ported the location of the R1 gene in the BAC insertion of the BA87d17 plasmid. Based on PCR and Southern gel blot analysis, both complete and incomplete integrations of the large construct into the recipient genome were demonstrated.