A Quantum Internet Protocol Suite Beyond Layering

Layering, the organization principle of the network protocols underpinning the classical Internet, is ill-suited to the Quantum Internet, built around entanglement, which is non-local and stateful. This paper proposes a quantum-native organizational principle based on dynamic composition, which replaces static layering with a distributed orchestration fabric driven by the node local state and “in-band” control. Each node runs a Dynamic Kernel that (i) constructs a local Plan of Actions (PoA) of candidate steps to advance a given service intent, and (ii) executes the PoA by composing atomic micro-protocols (MPs) into context-aware procedures, namely the meta-protocols. Quantum packets carry an in-band control-field – the meta-header – containing the service intent and an append-only list of action-commit records, termed as stamps. Successive nodes exploit this minimal, authoritative history to construct their local PoAs. As quantum packets progress, these local commits collectively induce a network-wide, direct acyclic graph that certifies end-to-end service fulfillment, without requiring global synchronization or an external controller. In contrast to classical encapsulation, which prescribes a fixed vertical processing order, the proposed suite enforces order by certification: dependency-aware local scheduling decides what may run at a certain node, stamps certify what did run and constrain subsequent planning. By embedding procedural control within the quantum packet itself, the design ensures coherence and consistency between entanglement-state evolution and control-flow, preventing divergence between resource state ad protocol logic, while remaining MP-agnostic and implementation-decoupled. The resulting suite is modular, adaptable to entanglement dynamics, and scalable. It operates correctly with or without optional control-plane hints. Indeed, when present, hints can steer QoS policies, without changing semantics. We argue that dynamic composition is the organizing principle required for a truly quantum-native Internet.