The XENONnT experiment has achieved an exceptionally low 222Rn activity concentration within its inner 5.9 tonne liquid xenon detector of (0.90 0.02 stat 0.07 syst) μBq kg-1, equivalent to about 430 222Rn atoms per tonne of xenon. This was achieved by active online radon removal via cryogenic distillation after stringent material selection. The achieved 222Rn activity concentration is 5 times lower than that in other currently operational multitonne liquid xenon detectors engaged in dark matter searches. This breakthrough enables the pursuit of various rare event searches that lie beyond the confines of the standard model of particle physics, with world-leading sensitivity. The ultralow 222Rn levels have diminished the radon-induced background rate in the detector to a point where it is for the first time comparable to the solar neutrino-induced background, which is poised to become the primary irreducible background in liquid xenon-based detectors.

Radon Removal in XENONnT down to the Solar Neutrino Level / Aprile, E.; Aalbers, J.; Abe, K.; Ahmed Maouloud, S.; Althueser, L.; Andrieu, B.; Angelino, E.; Anton Martin, D.; Arneodo, F.; Baudis, L.; Bazyk, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Biondi, R.; Bismark, A.; Boese, K.; Brown, A.; Bruno, G.; Budnik, R.; Cai, C.; Capelli, C.; Cardoso, J. M. R.; Cimental Chavez, A. P.; Colijn, A. P.; Conrad, J.; Cuenca-Garcia, J. J.; D'Andrea, V.; Daniel Garcia, L. C.; Decowski, M. P.; Deisting, A.; Di Donato, C.; Di Gangi, P.; Diglio, S.; Eitel, K.; El Morabit, S.; Elykov, A.; Ferella, A. D.; Ferrari, C.; Fischer, H.; Flehmke, T.; Flierman, M.; Fulgione, W.; Fuselli, C.; Gaemers, P.; Gaior, R.; Galloway, M.; Gao, F.; Ghosh, S.; Giacomobono, R.; Glade-Beucke, R.; Grandi, L.; Grigat, J.; Guan, H.; Guida, M.; Gyorgy, P.; Hammann, R.; Higuera, A.; Hils, C.; Hoetzsch, L.; Hood, N. F.; Iacovacci, M.; Itow, Y.; Jakob, J.; Joerg, F.; Kaminaga, Y.; Kara, M.; Kavrigin, P.; Kazama, S.; Kharbanda, P.; Kobayashi, M.; Koke, D.; Kopec, A.; Landsman, H.; Lang, R. F.; Levinson, L.; Li, I.; Li, S.; Liang, S.; Liang, Z.; Lin, Y. -T.; Lindemann, S.; Lindner, M.; Liu, K.; Liu, M.; Loizeau, J.; Lombardi, F.; Long, J.; Lopes, J. A. M.; Luce, T.; Ma, Y.; Macolino, C.; Mahlstedt, J.; Mancuso, A.; Manenti, L.; Marignetti, F.; Marrodan Undagoitia, T.; Martens, K.; Masbou, J.; Masson, E.; Mastroianni, S.; Melchiorre, A.; Merz, J.; Messina, M.; Michael, A.; Miuchi, K.; Molinario, A.; Moriyama, S.; Mora, K.; Mosbacher, Y.; Murra, M.; Muller, J.; Ni, K.; Oberlack, U.; Paetsch, B.; Pan, Y.; Pellegrini, Q.; Peres, R.; Peters, C.; Pienaar, J.; Pierre, M.; Plante, G.; Pollmann, T. R.; Principe, L.; Qi, J.; Qin, J.; Ramirez Garcia, D.; Rajado, M.; Singh, R.; Sanchez, L.; Dos Santos, J. M. F.; Sarnoff, I.; Sartorelli, G.; Schreiner, J.; Schulte, D.; Schulte, P.; Schulze Eissing, H.; Schumann, M.; Scotto Lavina, L.; Selvi, M.; Semeria, F.; Shagin, P.; Shi, S.; Shi, J.; Silva, M.; Simgen, H.; Szyszka, C.; Takeda, A.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tan, P. -L.; Thers, D.; Toschi, F.; Trinchero, G.; Tunnell, C. D.; Tonnies, F.; Valerius, K.; Vecchi, S.; Vetter, S.; Villazon Solar, F. I.; Volta, G.; Weinheimer, C.; Weiss, M.; Wenz, D.; Wittweg, C.; Wu, V. H. S.; Xing, Y.; Xu, D.; Xu, Z.; Yamashita, M.; Yang, L.; Ye, J.; Yuan, L.; Zavattini, G.; Zhong, M.. - In: PHYSICAL REVIEW. X. - ISSN 2160-3308. - 15:3(2025). [10.1103/zc1w-88p6]

Radon Removal in XENONnT down to the Solar Neutrino Level

Iacovacci M.;Mastroianni S.;
2025

Abstract

The XENONnT experiment has achieved an exceptionally low 222Rn activity concentration within its inner 5.9 tonne liquid xenon detector of (0.90 0.02 stat 0.07 syst) μBq kg-1, equivalent to about 430 222Rn atoms per tonne of xenon. This was achieved by active online radon removal via cryogenic distillation after stringent material selection. The achieved 222Rn activity concentration is 5 times lower than that in other currently operational multitonne liquid xenon detectors engaged in dark matter searches. This breakthrough enables the pursuit of various rare event searches that lie beyond the confines of the standard model of particle physics, with world-leading sensitivity. The ultralow 222Rn levels have diminished the radon-induced background rate in the detector to a point where it is for the first time comparable to the solar neutrino-induced background, which is poised to become the primary irreducible background in liquid xenon-based detectors.
2025
Radon Removal in XENONnT down to the Solar Neutrino Level / Aprile, E.; Aalbers, J.; Abe, K.; Ahmed Maouloud, S.; Althueser, L.; Andrieu, B.; Angelino, E.; Anton Martin, D.; Arneodo, F.; Baudis, L.; Bazyk, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Biondi, R.; Bismark, A.; Boese, K.; Brown, A.; Bruno, G.; Budnik, R.; Cai, C.; Capelli, C.; Cardoso, J. M. R.; Cimental Chavez, A. P.; Colijn, A. P.; Conrad, J.; Cuenca-Garcia, J. J.; D'Andrea, V.; Daniel Garcia, L. C.; Decowski, M. P.; Deisting, A.; Di Donato, C.; Di Gangi, P.; Diglio, S.; Eitel, K.; El Morabit, S.; Elykov, A.; Ferella, A. D.; Ferrari, C.; Fischer, H.; Flehmke, T.; Flierman, M.; Fulgione, W.; Fuselli, C.; Gaemers, P.; Gaior, R.; Galloway, M.; Gao, F.; Ghosh, S.; Giacomobono, R.; Glade-Beucke, R.; Grandi, L.; Grigat, J.; Guan, H.; Guida, M.; Gyorgy, P.; Hammann, R.; Higuera, A.; Hils, C.; Hoetzsch, L.; Hood, N. F.; Iacovacci, M.; Itow, Y.; Jakob, J.; Joerg, F.; Kaminaga, Y.; Kara, M.; Kavrigin, P.; Kazama, S.; Kharbanda, P.; Kobayashi, M.; Koke, D.; Kopec, A.; Landsman, H.; Lang, R. F.; Levinson, L.; Li, I.; Li, S.; Liang, S.; Liang, Z.; Lin, Y. -T.; Lindemann, S.; Lindner, M.; Liu, K.; Liu, M.; Loizeau, J.; Lombardi, F.; Long, J.; Lopes, J. A. M.; Luce, T.; Ma, Y.; Macolino, C.; Mahlstedt, J.; Mancuso, A.; Manenti, L.; Marignetti, F.; Marrodan Undagoitia, T.; Martens, K.; Masbou, J.; Masson, E.; Mastroianni, S.; Melchiorre, A.; Merz, J.; Messina, M.; Michael, A.; Miuchi, K.; Molinario, A.; Moriyama, S.; Mora, K.; Mosbacher, Y.; Murra, M.; Muller, J.; Ni, K.; Oberlack, U.; Paetsch, B.; Pan, Y.; Pellegrini, Q.; Peres, R.; Peters, C.; Pienaar, J.; Pierre, M.; Plante, G.; Pollmann, T. R.; Principe, L.; Qi, J.; Qin, J.; Ramirez Garcia, D.; Rajado, M.; Singh, R.; Sanchez, L.; Dos Santos, J. M. F.; Sarnoff, I.; Sartorelli, G.; Schreiner, J.; Schulte, D.; Schulte, P.; Schulze Eissing, H.; Schumann, M.; Scotto Lavina, L.; Selvi, M.; Semeria, F.; Shagin, P.; Shi, S.; Shi, J.; Silva, M.; Simgen, H.; Szyszka, C.; Takeda, A.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tan, P. -L.; Thers, D.; Toschi, F.; Trinchero, G.; Tunnell, C. D.; Tonnies, F.; Valerius, K.; Vecchi, S.; Vetter, S.; Villazon Solar, F. I.; Volta, G.; Weinheimer, C.; Weiss, M.; Wenz, D.; Wittweg, C.; Wu, V. H. S.; Xing, Y.; Xu, D.; Xu, Z.; Yamashita, M.; Yang, L.; Ye, J.; Yuan, L.; Zavattini, G.; Zhong, M.. - In: PHYSICAL REVIEW. X. - ISSN 2160-3308. - 15:3(2025). [10.1103/zc1w-88p6]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11588/1045651
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