Long-term follow-up after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction in patients with emphysema

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a novel emphysema therapy. We evaluated long-term outcome in patients with heterogeneous emphysema undergoing BLVR with one-way valves.40 patients undergoing unilateral BLVR entered our study. Pre-operative mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 0.88 L.s(-1) (23%), total lung capacity was 7.45 L (121%), intrathoracic gas volume was 6 L (174%), residual volume (RV) was 5.2 L (232%), and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) was 286 m. All patients required supplemental oxygen; the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea score was 3.9. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) results were reviewed to assess the presence of interlobar fissures.33 patients had a follow-up of >12 months (median 32 months). 37.5% of the patients had visible interlobar fissures. 40% of the patients died during follow-up. Three patients were transplanted and one underwent lung volume reduction surgery. Supplemental oxygen, FEV1, RV, 6MWT and MRC score showed a statistically significant improvement (p <= 0.0001, p=0.004, p=0.03, p=0.003 and p<0.0001, respectively). Patients with visible fissures had a functional advantage.BLVR is feasible and safe. Long-term sustained improvements can be achieved. HRCT-visible interlobar fissures are a favourable prognostic factor.