A simulation study for the retrofitting of a conventional high-performance vehicle to different plug-in HEV architectures and selection of optimal configuration based on MABAC technique

In this work, a high-performance conventional vehicle is virtually converted in a hybrid electric vehicle by exploring different architectures with the aim of identifying the optimal configuration in terms of CO2 emissions. In a first stage, complete models of both conventional and plug-in HEVs are developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment, while for the HEV variants the Adaptive-ECMS control strategy is implemented as separate user-coding sub-assembly and properly coupled to the vehicle model. As concern the HEVs, this study includes layouts presenting the single electric machine (P2, P3 and P4) and the dual electric machine (P2-P4 and P3-P4), both combined with a gasoline Spark-Ignition engine. All the above HEV layouts are tested performing simulations over WLTC under charge depleting/charge sustaining (CS/CD) modes. In the case of dual electric machine, ECMS is purposely modified, by identifying various control modes of electric machines during traction and braking phases. MABAC technique is finally utilized to classify the investigated HEV layouts. The outcomes of these analyses demonstrate that P4 HEV architecture is the optimal solution for examined plug-in HEV under the perspective of emitted CO2 and the electric autonomy.