Sostenibilità e intelligenza artificiale: limiti e prospettive alla luce del regolamento UE 2024/1689

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing the way we live and operate in many areas of our civilization, from science to finance, industry to education, professions to research, radically redefining processes, functions and decisions on a global scale. In the legal landscape, the introduction of AI is an emerging frontier with the potential to profoundly transform the field. This study aims to offer an analysis of the use of so-called LLMs (Large Language Models) in the legal field, declined in three key moments. First, the current challenges and limitations associated with the application of the aforementioned models are examined, while addressing ethical, legal and practical issues and also unraveling the risks inherent in the unchecked adoption of this technology. Particular emphasis is placed on legal sustainability lato sensu, understood not only as the ability to measure the integration of AI into the legal system in an ethical, transparent, and lasting way, but also as attention to the environmental impacts resulting from the energy consumption and resources required to operate and train LLMs. The investigation, also focuses on existing tools, assessing their operational capabilities and how they are implemented in practice in the legal system. Finally, the paper will explore future perspectives, paying particular attention to regulatory experiences also developed outside the European context. Through this analysis, the contribution aspires to provide an overview of the challenges and limitations in the use of AI in the legal field, promoting its responsible and sustainable use.