Gas Concentrations and THI Monitoring in a Naturally Ventilated Buffalo Farm: First Results with Advanced Multi-Sensor Node

Gas emissions from the livestock sector represent a significant environmental challenge. Moreover, gases high concentrations in the buildings can also impact the health of reared animals. This study monitored NH3, CO2 and H2S concentrations and THI in a typical naturally ventilated buffalo barn in Mediterranean climate in Campania region. Environmental parameters and gases were measured using advanced multi-sensor nodes. The results indicate that CO2 levels, while within safe limits, show periodic peaks; NH3 levels often approach or exceed the safe threshold for animal health, highlighting ventilation problems; and H2S concentrations have also occasionally exceeded safe limits, underscoring the need for improved manure management. THI values suggest that during some days of the monitoring period, the animals probably experienced heat stress. The study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies to maintain optimal air quality.