Innovation in the field of Cultural Heritage. Towards a conservative approach more and more sustainable. L’innovazione nel campo dei Beni Culturali.Verso un approccio conservativo sempre più sostenibile

Giving to the future generations the cultural heritage of Italy is a moral imperative to which we cannot escape.Deepening the role of innovation today is an important starting point for measuring the interventions in thehistoric buildings. The innovation fit between past and future with materials and technologies that step by step enter the operational practices to manage the aim of preserving the cultural heritage in a new way. The common diffidencetowards the new and the congenital delay of industrialization accesses in the construction site compromisethe safeguarding of cultural heritage. In fact, what is new modifies the conservative approach and directs ittowards greater sustainability. And then the methodology of approach is updated. Only the knowledge of the new can help us to correct the attitude of mistrust and skepticism towards the new,so that it is not predetermined. We must read and reread to analyze and understand, evaluate and determineinnovation, both in terms of material and construction technique and to note that sustainability is more thana general goal. As Marcel Proust would say "Le seul, le vrai, l'unique voyage, c'est de changer de regard". So,what we need is “having new eyes" to live an experience of understanding the new, seamless between pastand future. To pursue the objectives of conservation and fruition of the great cultural heritage in an even more rigorousand sustainable way, new performance is expected from the new materials. It is almost as we are waiting forsomething prodigious, in response to the difficult task of proposing intervention solutions where there is a maximum respect for the cultural heritage. But this is not a scientific point of view. In contrast, there is an awareness that none of the new materials, even the intelligent ones, can fully guaranteethe preservation, but each one can contribute to ensure its fruition. They will outline new approaches differently reckonable in terms of interaction and impact, both substantial and perceptive, projecting the culturalheritage to the present day. There is no innovative material able to fully guarantee neither the conservation, nor the reversibility of theconservatively act. But, beyond the theoretical concept, the purpose of conservation and reversibility of theaction of intervention [1] in their real operation, includes the transformation, perceptible or not, but effectiveand concrete. And when the action occurs at a much smaller scale of the visible, the modification may be perceptible or not. In this scenario the real innovation, the more advanced one, uses perceptually hidden sion, with consequent higher potential of new functions and awarding of exceptional performance of matter,in the face of modifications micrometric and nanometric, which regenerate conservation and sustainabilityconcept. The so-called "science of the small" also manages to regenerate old materials and increasing their effectiveness, as well as conveying new materials and technologies, discovered several decades ago, to the realityof the construction. Engineering has by now entered the project of materials [2] till changing the physical and chemical structureof materials. It also adds an active behavior, which lies in the ability of new materials to change their statusdepending to the changeability of external environment and men stimuli. Even the modification is "hidden"and influences the traditional principles of conservation, beyond the sphere of the visible. Therefore, the qualityof the approach to the cultural heritage requires a rewriting of parameters which relies on conservation measurement: reversibility, compatibility and appropriateness. Their theoretical irrefutably value identifies the methodological assumption size [3], while the action that materializes the intervention loses or gains a high degreeof freedom? And should sustainability and durability be added to the basic conservation criteria?