Constitutional Change in Presidentialised Regimes. Different Paths of Reform in Hungary and Italy

The article analyses recent modifications to the Constitution, or the attempts to change it, in Italy and Hungary, by asking whether they may be read as part of a more general process leading the heads of governments to reinforce their position. Indeed recent reform interventions strengthen political leaders in their control of policy making, by fastening the governmental action or eliminating constitutional limits on it. Conclusive remarks are devoted to consider the ongoing processes of constitution making in Italy and Hungary, as part of a new phase of constitutionalism showing the passage from party-dominated parliaments to personal leaders