Double-Generic initial ideal and Hilbert scheme

Following the approach in the book "Commutative Algebra", by D. Eisenbud, where the author describes the generic initial ideal by means of a suitable total order on the terms of an exterior power, we introduce first the "generic initial extensor" of a subset of a Grassmannian and then the "double-generic initial ideal" of a so-called "GL-stable subset" of a Hilbert scheme. We discuss the features of these new notions and introduce also a partial order which gives another useful description of them. The double-generic initial ideals turn out to be the appropriate points to understand some geometric pro\-per\-ties of a Hilbert scheme: they provide a necessary condition for a Borel ideal to correspond to a point of a given irreducible component, lower bounds for the number of irreducible components in a Hilbert scheme and the maximal Hilbert function in every irreducible component. Moreover, we prove that every isolated component having a smooth double-generic initial ideal is rational. As a byproduct, we prove that the Cohen-Macaulay locus of the Hilbert scheme parameterizing subschemes of codimension 2 is the union of open subsets isomorphic to affine spaces. This improves results by J. Fogarty (1968) and R. Treger (1989).