Hypogeal rural buildings and ischitano volcanic landscape in the environmental planning

The principal achievement of the environmental planning consists in saving different regional rural landscape. It’s necessary to show the different qualities of the regional landscape characteristics. The regional administrations have to better account the environmental historical and cultural patrimony. They must also arrange environmental planning under law 431/85. This law exceeds allthe other urbanistic laws in force, except law: 394/91; 457/78, 1497/39 and 1089/39. A lot of national territories are ruled by these laws and they are rural lands. The historical and cultural patrimony of these territories consists of rural buildings. In Campania the island of Ischia is completely under law 431/85. The island is the most representative example of Mediterranean volcanic landscape. The shape of human settlements and rural economy represent always the spontaneous continuity of the natural environment. 2. Present situation Nowadays in Ischia there are about 50000 inhabitants, they where increased of 47% in less than twenty years. The territory is mainly represented of tuff and lava glows. The territory extends about 46.33 kmq. Until 1961 were settled about 4 % of island territories, in 1985 this percentage developed about 21%, there was an increment of 319%. Therefore, the rural economy is rapidly breaking up. Nowadays the rural territories extends about 1258 ha (-34% then last decennium), they have S.A.U. of 760 ha (-37%) in a part of these hectares (580, -40%) are cultivated vines. The farms are 1894 (-44%) and in the 3/4 of them are cultivate vines. Rabbits are mostly breeded. Along the hills there are woods and chestnut grove. The rural activities of the island were not industrialized, therefore the traditional rural landscape today is an historical and cultural patrimony that we must completely save. Hypogeal rural houses were built by digging big tuff blocks which during the centuries got away from mountains of the island, rolling along the slopes. These houses show symbiosis between the nature of places and the settlement of this Mediterranean area. The study of hypogeal rural economy of the island was approached by a semiological theory. Proceeding by the couples of the De Sassure: meaning-shape and technique-function. These complexes show respectively the empathic structures and physical structures of the human settlements and from their relationship derives the genius loci which is theorized by C. Norberg-Schulz. Ischia island belongs to the Campi Flegrei volcano, that aroused after the Archiflegreo explosion. Ischia soils consists in tuff rocks. Ischia farms are built with tuff, usually they are called rock houses or pizza. Rocky architecture in the island represent the mean aspect of rural architecture and also the most important characteristic of Ischia. Hypogeal buildings are the expression of symbiosis between nature and me creativity. Hypogeal architecture comprehends houses, cellars, dunghills, churches, shelters and fortifications.